![]() Youtubemp3 conversion isĪ normal legitimate thing to do, as long as you are not using downloaded mp3s for anything but your personal enjoyment. Or simply type the search keywords to find the video you're looking for and forget about all those annoying video links.īy using our service you agree to abide by our terms. Best Youtube MP3 Converter is back! Now - with extra features.Įnter the URL from any YouTube page, and this application will quickly retrieve the video fileĪnd extract the audio as a downloadable MP3 file. Have them extract the audio, convert it to mp3, and give you several buttons to download the file. YoutubeMp3 software will contact multiple API services, This service is fast,įree, and requires no signup. Besides download and convert YouTube to MP3, it can also another 1000+ video sharing sites like Dailymotion, Vimeo on Windows 11 as well as convert to desired video or audio format for offline access or playback on your mobile devices. EasyMP3Converter supports 5 different quality formats, including 64, 128, 192, 256 and 320kbps. after that you can download the audio file. Download MP3 file from your favorite video in few seconds. ![]() ListenToYouTube is the most convenient online application to convert videos from YouTube to MP3 audio. Convert youtube videos without any limit, our youtube to mp3 converter is free for everyone. Each source will take 10-15 sec to convert youtube video to mp3, download will begin automatically as soon as mp3Ĭonvert Youtube to MP3 online. ![]() Green button adds metadata and thumbnail icon, maybe you like it better?Ĭheck out both buttons, see what works faster for you. ![]() That may help, - simply click on any video to see Youtube mp3 converter download buttons (red and green). Ummy stands out as a favored option, providing convenient 'HD via Ummy' or 'MP3 via Ummy' buttons located beneath the video. Simply start typing the search keywords, then select our suggestion or run your own search. Explore efficient techniques and tools for converting YouTube videos to MP4. You don't know what to do, what those video links are. And our app will help you to convert YouTube videos to MP3 or save it on your computer in original M4A/AAC format. When you open YouTube To MP3 Converter, it will redirect you to a website with the same name. There is a great amount of music on YouTube. We have suggestive youtube search in case YouTube To MP3 Converter is an app that lets you extract the sound from any YouTube video and convert it into MP3 format quickly and easily. We come from years of experience, so we made it with users in mind. List of the Best YouTube to MP3 Converter App: Best YouTube MP3 Downloader App. After a free trial, it costs 42.95 for a lifetime license, 24.95 for a one-year license, and 19.95 for a semi-annual license. Prior to using YTD for any specific purpose, please confirm that you are not violating any third-party intellectual property right in connection with such use.Our Youtube mp3 converter is very easy to use. You can then convert YouTube videos directly from the app. Any use of YTD that violates an intellectual property right of a third party is prohibited by us. Free YouTube To MP3 Converter 2021 is a reliable and powerful application through which users can easily convert their favorite video streaming platform media with a single click, just copy the url of your favorite video. We respect intellectual property rights and expect the users of YTD to do the same. It is full offline installer standalone setup of Free YouTube To MP3 Converter 2021. ClipGrab is a free downloader and converter for YouTube, Vimeo, Facebook and many other online video sites. Our use of third-party trademarks does not signify or suggest the endorsement, affiliation, or sponsorship, of or by us of those trademark owners or their products or services, or they of us. Free Download ClipGrab 3.9.10 for Windows Donate now 4194 people have donated so far. We are not responsible for third-party products, services, sites, content, etc. ![]() YTD Video Downloader is distributed independently of any video streaming sites.
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![]() ![]() If you want to search for a taxi, just look for the authorized ones and not the ones that some stranger can offer you.įor other inquiries, review the answers to the Frequently Asked Questions made by passengers. When you get to the public area, if a private driver is waiting for you, it will surely be with some sign and your name. If you are a foreigner, depending on your nationality, you will need to present a passport and visa (as applicable) and hotel reservation or address and phone number and name of the person where you will stay: Get ready for some questions that may be asked (they do not always ask) and just refuse to answer what they ask without giving additional explanations that may compromise you. This information about destinations does not include codeshare flights operated by other airlines. Riyadh (RUH): The flights operate on Tuesday, Wednesday, Friday, Sunday. However, this depends on the date you are flying so please check with the full flight schedule above to see. The earliest flight departs at 07:00, the last flight departs at 19:30. Departure times vary between 07:00 - 19:30. If your luggage is missing, go to your airline counter or ask for help to the airport staff.įollow the signals to pass migration control. En Route - Delayed + Saudia only serves two destination from JFK Airport: - Jeddah (JED): The flights operate on Monday, Thursday, Saturday. Flights from ATH to JFK are operated 5 times a week, with an average of 1 flight per day. In some cases there may be two flights sharing the same carousel. ![]() If JFK airport is your final destination and you have checked luggage, go to the baggage claim area and look for the carousel that corresponds to your flight. Other wise if your final destination is outside the United States, you don't need to do so. If your are coming from another country and the connecting flight is domestic, you must to collect your checked baggage (in case you have checked baggage) and do migrations. In case you expect a connecting flight and arrive in the early hours, the airport has 24-hour cafe options. Photo by Florian Wehde - Unsplash Recommendations after arriving at JFK airport Flightnumbers and complete route information. See all airline(s) with scheduled flights and weekly timetables up to 9 months ahead. Hotels within the terminals or in the vicinity Detailed flight information from San Salvador SAL to New York JFK. is not responsible for any error, modification or omission of data that may have been made. Information provided by third parties and subject to change without notice. Check for possible delays or cancellations. ![]() ![]() ![]() Especially in gluten-free recipes, butter is helpful in binding the ingredients together. Butterfat gives the cookies a moist, melt-in-your-mouth texture.Salt enhances the flavors in the cookies and balances out the sweetness from the sugar and raisins.You can learn more about this chemical leavener in Baking Powder vs.Baking soda contributes to the cookies’ spreading, giving them their signature chewy texture rather than a cakey one.Baking soda reacts with an acid (in this recipe, it’s brown sugar) to produce carbon dioxide, which makes bubbles that make the cookies rise.The aroma of cinnamon in these cookies sparks feelings of coziness and comfort.It works with the nuttiness of the almond flour and oats, and the sweetness of the raisins to give the cookies layers of irresistible flavor. Cinnamon gives the cookies a warm, subtle spiciness.Because it’s starchy, tapioca flour naturally binds ingredients together.It gives baked goods a smooth, slightly chewy texture.Tapioca flour has a neutral taste, making it an easy fit with a range of flavors.How to Make Almond Flour shows you how to make your own quickly and easily.Each serving of almond flour has six grams of protein, fiber, and it’s nutrient-rich, with iron and calcium.The natural oils in almond flour give baked goods added moisture.It’s made from blanched almonds, which are simply almonds with their skin removed. Almond flour has a mildly nutty flavor and adds heartiness to baked goods.Stand mixer with paddle attachment (optional).The combination of healthy wholesomeness and enticing sweet flavor makes oatmeal cookies a favorite over a hundred years later. World War II rationing made them even more popular because oats were more readily available than other ingredients. Oatmeal Raisin Cookies gained popularity in the early 20th century when oats were becoming a highly-touted health food.The almond flour’s moistness and nutty flavor elevate traditional oatmeal cookies, and you can customize them with chopped pecans, walnuts, or even milk or dark chocolate chips or chocolate chunks. In addition to being gluten-free, our Easy Baking Mix, made with almond flour and tapioca flour, gives the cookies a unique texture and taste you’ll love even if you’re not avoiding gluten.Almond Flour Oatmeal Raisin Cookies are gluten-free oatmeal cookies made with our Easy Almond Flour Baking Mix and gluten-free rolled oats and studded with sweet and chewy raisins.What are Almond Flour Oatmeal Raisin Cookies? How to Store Almond Flour Oatmeal Raisin Cookies.Can I Make Almond Flour Oatmeal Raisin Cookies in Advance?.How to Make Almond Flour Oatmeal Raisin Cookies.What are Almond Flour Oatmeal Raisin Cookies?.Check out more of our oatmeal-based gluten-free recipes like 3-Ingredient Oatmeal Chocolate Chip Cookies, Healthy Breakfast Crisp, and No-Fuss Flourless Oat Pancakes. They bring you back to childhood, they fill your home with the coziest scent, and oats give cookies oomph and make them more satisfying. Oatmeal raisin cookies are definitely one of my baking go-tos. ![]() Anyone can enjoy this new spin on a traditional favorite cookie. ![]() Because they’re gluten-free, they’re the perfect choice when you’re baking for a group.The almond flour and tapioca blend gives the cookies a dreamy balance of heartiness and crispy delicacy. Our Easy Almond Flour Baking Mix makes whipping up a batch of these homey favorites a cinch. ![]() ![]() ![]() The Buffalo Hyatt Regency Downtown Buffaloĭetails and registration information can be found at Proceeds from the weekend will be shared by the 8 branches of our organization in western and central NY, CT and Massachusetts to further programs in traditional Irish culture. The next best thing would be to reserve a plane ticket to Ireland, which, for many, might not be on the immediate horizon.Ĭomhaltas Ceoltóirí Éireann Annual North American Conference Following are real estate transactions over 5,000 as listed in records of the Erie County. To have a convention of this nature hosted in one’s hometown is a dream come true for anyone interested in traditional Irish culture. Special events lectures covering various aspects of Irish culture and history of the Irish in the Western NYĬCE is, worldwide, the largest all volunteer and all ages organization involved in the preservation, development and promotion of Irish Traditional music, song, dance, and language.įor many Buffalonians, this can be considered a once in a lifetime event.Bands feature some of the top names in Traditional Irish Music like Joannie Madden of Cherish The Ladies and Kevin Crawford of Lunasa.Dances (ceili) with different bands every night. ![]() 41 workshops in instruments, language and dance.Three days of instruction in traditional Irish music, song, dance, and language for as many as 400-500 attendees from all corners of the United States and Canada. ![]() Redfin is redefining real estate and the home buying process in Erie County with industry-leading technology, full-service agents, and lower fees that provide a better value for Redfin buyers and sellers. Following are real estate transactions over 5,000 as listed in records of the Erie County clerk’s office for the week ending Oct. If you're looking to sell your home in the Erie County area, our listing agents can help you get the best price. Our top-rated real estate agents in Erie County are local experts and are ready to answer your questions about properties, neighborhoods, schools, and the newest listings for sale in Erie County. Use filters to narrow your search by price, square feet, beds, and baths to find homes that fit your criteria. 340 Two Mile Cr Rd, John Nowak, Arnold G Kuntz Jr to John. 19-23 Browning Ave, Deborah J Wiltrout to Marwan Alshuwaili, 120,000. 19-23 Browning Ave, Deborah J Wiltrout to Marwan Alshuwaili, 120,000. 64-68 Curwood Ct, Erie County to Akkar Holdings Llc, 37,000. Find your dream home in Erie County using the tools above. 64-68 Curwood Ct, Erie County to Akkar Holdings Llc, 37,000. real estate, nearly all of which will go to tax deed in September, if not redeemed prior to that time, and the company is also a defendant in a. In addition to houses in Erie County, there were also 81 condos, 21 townhouses, and 281 multi-family units for sale in Erie County last month. In the past month, 441 homes have been sold in Erie County. Following are real estate transactions over 5,000 as listed in records of the Erie County clerk’s office for the week ending Dec. This map is refreshed with the newest listings in Erie County every 15 minutes. AKRON 42 Cedar St., Jennifer Gaik to Brandon R. High-end real-estate transactions in Erie County (August 2021) 368 Pleasant View Drive, Lancaster, was sold for 4,750,000 by Ecology & Environment Inc. ![]() Most homes for sale in Erie County stay on the market for 22 days and receive 11 offers. Following are real estate transactions over 5,000 as listed in records of the Erie County clerk’s office for the week ending Nov. House has 3 bedrooms & 1.5 baths and the apartment has 2 bedrooms & 1 bath. Recently Sold Home in Erie County, NY: 3853 Columbia is waiting for your to make it your own. Recent realty transfers in Erie County, Pa. Listing by MJ Peterson Real Estate, (716) 833-3433. Some of these homes are "Hot Homes," meaning they're likely to sell quickly. 3 beds 1 bath 964 sq ft 4,368 sq ft (lot) 40 Kofler Ave, Buffalo, NY 14207. There are currently 420 recently sold homes for sale in Erie County at a median listing price of $240K. ![]() ![]() ![]() You may not rent, lease, lend, sell, redistribute, sublicense or otherwise commercially exploit the License Key. The License Key must only be used on devices owned by You. You must store a copy of the License Key in the installation directory of each installed copy of the Software for the duration that the Software is installed. If you purchased an Organisational License, You will be provided with a license key file ("License Key"). If You use these features, You agree to be bound by the terms and conditions, copyright and License restrictions, and privacy policies set out by each third party, at the links provided in the Software. Some features of the Software may depend on services or data provided by third parties. Updates to the Software may not be free of charge. You may not use the Software to create a product, service, or software that is, directly or indirectly, competitive with or in any way a substitute for any service, product, or software offered by CHRONOPLEX SOFTWARE.ĬHRONOPLEX SOFTWARE periodically releases updates and new versions of the Software ("Updates"). You must comply with all applicable laws regarding use of the Software. Any supplemental software code provided to You as part of the Support Services shall be considered part of the Software and subject to the terms and conditions of this EULA. ![]() ![]() You may not sell, rent, lease, or lend the Software.ĬHRONOPLEX SOFTWARE is not obligated to, but may in its sole and absolute discretion, provide You with support services related to the Software ("Support Services"). You may not reverse engineer, decompile, disassemble, or attempt to derive the source code of the Software, except and only to the extent that such activity is expressly permitted by applicable law notwithstanding this limitation. (c) Prohibition on reverse engineering, decompilation, and disassembly. You may not distribute copies of the Software to third parties. You must not remove or alter any copyright notices on any copies of the Software. DESCRIPTION OF OTHER RIGHTS AND LIMITATIONS. Organisational use: If You purchased an Organisational License, CHRONOPLEX SOFTWARE grants You a revocable, non-exclusive, non-transferable right to install each licensed copy of the Software on any devices owned by You for use by any authorised user of those devices.Ģ. Personal use: CHRONOPLEX SOFTWARE grants You a revocable, non-exclusive, non-transferable right to install each licensed copy of the Software for personal use only. The Software is protected by copyright laws and international copyright treaties, as well as other intellectual property laws and treaties. If You do not agree to the terms of this EULA, do not install or use the Software. By installing or otherwise using the Software, You agree to be bound by the terms of this EULA. IMPORTANT PLEASE READ THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THIS LICENSE AGREEMENT CAREFULLY BEFORE DOWNLOADING AND INSTALLING: CHRONOPLEX SOFTWARE's End-User License Agreement ("EULA") is a legal agreement between You (an individual or single entity) and CHRONOPLEX SOFTWARE for the CHRONOPLEX SOFTWARE software product(s) identified above which may include associated software components, media, printed materials, and "online" or electronic documentation ("Software"). 4:54:32 PM 11:21:14 AM END-USER LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR MY FAMILY TREE™ This application is not supported on Windows 10 in S mode. Record and display dates in over 25 different calendars.Comprehensive GEDCOM support (version 1.0 through 7.0, including GEDZIP).Record citations and evidence for the information in your family tree.View family history timelines, statistics, relationships, and interactive maps.Enhance your tree with charts, reports (previews requires Microsoft® WebView2 Runtime), photos, and more.View your tree in four fully interactive charts.Quickly and easily build your family tree.More experienced genealogists will find full support for citations and evidence with options to transfer data using the GEDCOM file format. You can use it to build interactive family charts in no time at all.įor those just starting out investigating their family history, it provides an easy way to visualize and share your family tree with photos, stories and basic facts about each person. My Family Tree™ is a genealogy application built for Windows® and requires the. ![]() ![]() ![]() Hockenson the most important TE in my draft strategy)Įditor's note: Find Sean Koerner's latest draft tiers for each position as of Aug. Fantasy Football cheat sheets - Updated 2021 player rankings, PPR, non-PPR, depth charts, dynasty - ESPN. Why Tier 4 is the most critical one of all (and how that makes T.J.Why Travis Kelce and Darren Waller are worth their Average Draft Position (ADP).ESPN + Continue reading this article and more from top writers, for only 10.99/mo. My draft strategy revolves around targeting players who represent a steep drop-off within their position, typically taking a player at the end of a tier rather than at the beginning. Here it is: ESPN+s (printable) fantasy football draft cheat sheet for the 2021 season. You can see the steep drop-off from the top three TEs to the three-player cluster around TE5 (Tier 4), then the position levels off quite a bit. It's easier to visualize this phenomenon by looking at the chart above. This will be updated regularly between now and Week 1 of the 2021 NFL season. Listed below are links to every article, tool and chart PFF has to offer that will best prepare you for your fantasy football draft. Cheat sheets and rankings for PPR, Non-PPR, and. Go to SportsLine now to see these proven Fantasy baseball cheat sheets. Do not make a single pick in any of your fantasy football drafts before exploring PFFs 2021 Fantasy Football Draft Kit. Draft-Day Manifesto: The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Drafters. The Fantasy Football Playbook: How to draft and play like an expert. When drafting based on my positional rankings, it's essential to realize that not all rankings should be treated equally - the key is to identify how much the position drops off after a player or tier is off the board. Our Draft Kit is like having the Fantasy Football Today crew by your side while you are building your team. 2021 Fantasy football draft kit: Rankings, cheat sheets, mock drafts, sleepers and analysis. The tight end position perfectly illustrates why it's crucial to view fantasy football rankings in tiers that you can build your draft strategy around.įirst, take a look at my projected points per game for the top 25 TEs: A solid strategy on draft day sets the stage for a championship run. This series is part of our PRO subscription, which will not only grant you access to these Tiers, but also to his real-time rankings as part of our 2021 Fantasy Draft Kit. Sean Koerner - FantasyPros' most-accurate draft ranker of 2019 - is breaking down his positional rankings and draft strategy for 2021. ![]() ![]() ![]() Shaywitz, M.D., Professor of Learning Development at Yale University’s School of Medicine. This list consists of the 150 words that occur most frequently in printed English, according to the Word Frequency Book. The Top 150 Written Words is the newest of the word lists featured on our site, and is commonly used by people who are learning to read English as a non-native language. Learning all 1,000 words in the Fry sight word list would equip a child to read about 90% of the words in a typical book, newspaper, or website. Edward Fry developed this expanded list in the 1950s (and updated it in 1980), based on the most common words to appear in reading materials used in Grades 3-9. The Fry Sight Words list is a more modern list of words, and was extended to capture the most common 1,000 words. Once a child knows the Dolch words, it makes reading much easier, because the child can then focus his or her attention on the remaining words. The Dolch sight words comprise 80% of the words you would find in a typical children’s book and 50% of the words found in writing for adults. The list contains 220 “service words” plus 95 high-frequency nouns. ![]() Edward William Dolch developed the list in the 1930s-40s by studying the most frequently occurring words in children’s books of that era. ![]() The Dolch Sight Words list is the most commonly used set of sight words. There is a great deal of overlap among the lists, but the Dolch sight word list is the most popular and widely used. There are several lists of sight words that are in common use, such as Dolch, Fry, Top 150, and Core Curriculum. Memorizing these words with unnatural spellings and pronunciations teaches not only these words but also helps the reader recognize similar words, such as guy, walk, or some. Non-Phonetic Words - Words that cannot be decoded phonetically, such as buy, talk, or come.For example, knowing just the Dolch Sight Words would enable you to read about 50% of a newspaper or 80% of a children’s book. Memorizing these words makes reading much easier and smoother, because the child already recognizes most of the words and can concentrate their efforts on new words. Frequently Used Words - Words that occur commonly in the English language, such as it, can, and will.If you are new to sight words, start with the teaching strategies to get a road map for teaching the material, showing you how to sequence the lessons and activities. These pages contain resources to teach sight words, including: sight words flash cards, lessons, and games. Sight words are the glue that holds sentences together. You will also hear them referred to as Dolch words or Fry words, the two most commonly used sight words lists. Other terms used to describe sight words include: service words, instant words (because you should recognize them instantly), snap words (because you should know them in a snap), and high frequency words. Sight Words are memorized so that a child can recognize commonly used or phonetically irregular words at a glance, without needing to go letter-by-letter. Knowing common, or high frequency, words by sight makes reading easier and faster, because the reader does not need to stop to try and sound out each individual word, letter by letter. Learning sight words allows a child to recognize these words at a glance - on sight - without needing to break the words down into their individual letters and is the way strong readers recognize most words. Sight words are words that should be memorized to help a child learn to read and write. ![]() ![]() Challenge level will not decrease until it is reset during a Trial Spawner's cooldown.The challenge level will increase for each new player a Trial Spawner notices nearby.Trial Spawner is a new variant of Monster Spawners that ejects rewards upon completion and can have variable levels of challenge in multiplayer.Wind bursts do not have any effect on Iron Doors, Iron Trapdoors, or any block being held in its position by a Redstone signal. ![]() Lit Candles (both standalone and on cake) are extinguished.Non-Iron Doors and Trapdoors are flipped.Wind bursts also have the effect of 'activating' certain blocks:.After colliding with an entity or a block, wind charge projectiles produce a wind burst, which knocks back entities in the area by several blocks.Wind charges deal a small amount of damage when colliding directly with an entity.An aggressive adversary, the Breeze shoots volatile wind energy in the form of wind charge projectiles at its target.The Breeze moves primarily by leaping around a target, sometimes jumping quite long distances.The Breeze is a cunning, hostile mob that can spawn via Trial Spawner in some rooms within Trial Chambers.Trail Ruins will now be placed in the same location and configuration as Java Edition ( MCPE-169988).Music Disc name text now has the same color as enchanted items ( MCPE-109471).Campfire now correctly drops 2 Charcoal instead of 4 when destroyed by the player ( MCPE-159894).Lapis Lazuli Ore can now drop up to 9 Lapis Lazuli (previously 8) when mined with an unenchanted tool, or up to 36 with Fortune Level 3 (previously 32).Nether Gold Ore can now drop up to 6 Gold Nuggets (previously 5) when mined with an unenchanted tool, or up to 24 with Fortune Level 3 (previously 20).Then scroll down on the left sidebar and click on resource and/or behavior packs and apply the imported modifications. Select the desired game settings that you want.Create a new world or edit an existing world.Then go back to /games/com.mojang/, but this time open the behavior_packs folder and paste the copied folder of the addon body here (This will be abbreviated as Beh). Next, move the folder with textures to the resource_packs folder (It can be abbreviated as Res).resource_packs - contains textures that ensure the correct operation of addons.minecraft_worlds - contains both textures, addons and the game world.behavior_packs - addon body and scripts.The following folders are contained inside: Go to the following file address: /games/com.mojang/.After extracting the zip file, open the folder that was created.Then click the "More" button in the lower right corner. Long press on the zip file to select it.Open the game world and test the changes.Next, we will need to apply a resource pack and/or behavior pack when creating a new world or editing an existing world.It will take some time to import.Īfter successful import, you will see the appropriate pop-up labels in the main menu of the game. ![]()
![]() Because the atoms are closely packed, liquids, like solids, resist compression an extremely large force is necessary to change the volume of a liquid. When a liquid is placed in a container with no lid, it remains in the container. That is, liquids flow (so they are a type of fluid), with the molecules held together by mutual attraction. This occurs because the atoms or molecules in a liquid are free to slide about and change neighbors. Liquids deform easily when stressed and do not spring back to their original shape once a force is removed. A gas must be held in a closed container to prevent it from expanding freely and escaping. (c) Atoms in a gas move about freely and are separated by large distances. Forces between the atoms strongly resist attempts to compress the atoms. (b) Atoms in a liquid are also in close contact but can slide over one another. Gases have neither specific shapes nor definite volumes, since their molecules move to fill the container in which they are held ( Figure 14.2).įigure 14.2 (a) Atoms in a solid are always in close contact with neighboring atoms, held in place by forces represented here by springs. Gases are not bonded to neighboring atoms and can have large separations between molecules. The distance between molecules is similar to the distances in a solid, and so liquids have definite volumes, but the shape of a liquid changes, depending on the shape of its container. The molecules in a liquid are not locked in place and can move with respect to each other. Like solids, the molecules in a liquid are bonded to neighboring molecules, but possess many fewer of these bonds. (Shearing forces are forces applied tangentially to a surface, as described in Static Equilibrium and Elasticity.) Characteristics of FluidsĬonsidered to be fluids because they yield to shearing forces, whereas solids resist them. Even a large force produces only small displacements in the atoms or molecules of the lattice, and the solid maintains its shape. The structure of this three-dimensional lattice is represented as molecules connected by rigid bonds (modeled as stiff springs), which allow limited freedom for movement. In some cases, the force between molecules can cause the molecules to organize into a lattice as shown in Figure 14.2. Although true solids are not incompressible, it nevertheless requires a large force to change the shape of a solid. Solids will take a form determined by the nature of these forces between the molecules. The atoms or molecules in a solid are in close proximity to each other, and there is a significant force between these molecules. ![]() Solids are rigid and have specific shapes and definite volumes. ![]() ![]() We will look at each of these phases in detail in this section. Matter most commonly exists as a solid, liquid, or gas these states are known as the three common phases of matter. Calculate force given pressure and area.Explain the relationship between pressure and force.Define pressure and its related SI units.Compare and contrast the densities of various substances. ![]() ![]() ![]() 1 Traditional (axial, sagittal, and coronal) planes are used, as are off-axis planes (oblique axial and oblique sagittal). Plane selection in hip imaging is challenging, as the hip joint is a highly curved structure with closely opposed cortical surfaces and relatively thin articular cartilage, making it particularly susceptible to partial volume averaging. Small slice thickness (2-3.5 mm) with minimal or no interslice gap is important for these acquisitions. Small-FOV images with fluid-sensitive sequences (proton density or T2-weighted with fat suppression) provide the best evaluation of the acetabular labrum and articular cartilage on non-arthrographic examinations. Depending on the referring clinician, dedicated imaging of the symptomatic hip may be performed only based on the clinical examination and clinical question.ĭedicated imaging of the symptomatic hip should be performed using a surface coil, such as a cardiac phased array coil, with the smallest possible FOV (15-20 cm) extending from the top of the anterior inferior iliac spine to the bottom of the lesser trochanter. ![]() For pelvic imaging, depending on patient body size, either a torso phased array coil or a larger body coil can be used. Larger slice thicknesses (5-7 mm) with small interslice gaps can be permitted for these large FOV images. Large FOV fluid-sensitive sequences, either T2-weighted with fat suppression or short tau inversion recovery (STIR), are obtained in the coronal and axial planes and are used to evaluate for fractures, fluid collections, and injuries involving tendon or muscle. Coronal T1-weighted images without fat suppression are best for revealing detailed anatomy and evaluating bone marrow and musculature. ![]() This prevents other pelvis pathology that can mimic hip pain from being overlooked. In patients with nonspecific hip pain, even unilateral symptoms, large field-of-view (FOV) images of the pelvis (30 cm or more) are commonly performed, spanning the region from the iliac crests to the level of the lesser trochanters. Imaging protocolĭedicated MRI protocols for imaging the pelvis and hip vary among institutions, but there are key elements common to most. This article provides a brief overview of considerations in tailoring protocols of the bony pelvis and hip to optimize detection of both intra- and extra-articular hip pathology, followed by a review of common labral, osteocartilaginous, and soft tissue variants that can be mistaken for true pathology. Familiarity with the spectrum of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearances of the hip is necessary to recognize normal variants and distinguish them from true pathologic conditions. In addition, the capsulo labral tissues and surrounding muscles and tendons stabilize the hip, dictate its range of motion, and enhance its function. The hip is a complex ball-and-socket joint comprising the acetabulum, proximal femur, and articular cartilage. ![]() |
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